OVERVIEW 
NOVA’S CRISIS INTERVENTION MODEL
GROUP CRISIS INTERVENTION GCI
CRISIS REACTION
* PHYSICAL
		Immobilization (“frozen fright”)
		
		Mobilization (fight, flight, or adapt)

		Exhaustion (problem of sleep)
CRISIS REACTION
* EMOTIONAL 
		Shock, Disbelief, Denial, Regression
		Cataclysmic emotions
			Fear, Anger, Confusion, Frustration, 		Guilt, Shame, Grief
		Reconstruction of (new) equilibrium	
DIAGRAMMING A DISASTER BY TYPE:
Disaster Impact
* Step One:  Determine the cause of the disaster:  natural, human, technological
* Step Two:  Determine the element involved:  earth, wind, fire, water, people
* Step Three:  Determine issues of concern:  sensorial, duration, conceptual

Diagramming a Disaster
* Sensorial Involvement
			Smell
			Taste
			Touch
			Sight
			Auditory
Diagramming a Disaster
Chronology
* Pre-disaster Equilibrium
		Previous disaster history
		Cultural/economic tensions
* Warning
		Characterized by anxiety
		Disaster subcultures
		Credible vs. non-credible


Diagramming a Disaster 
Chronology
* Threat
		Responses vary:  
			emotional 
			problem-solving
			disengagement or “blunting”
Diagramming a Disaster
Chronology
* Impact
		Timing may add to sense of unreality
		Time warp
		Duration
			Survival issues
			Community pre-occupation
			Low point vs. no low point

Diagramming a Disaster
Chronology
* Inventory
	Disorientation
	
	Silence
	
	Assessment/triage
Diagramming a Disaster
Chronology
* Rescue

* Remedy/Mitigation
		Disaster euphoria
		Disillusionment

* Adjustment Stages
Diagramming a Disaster
Spatial Dimensions
* Convergence

* Proximity

* Remoteness

* Geographic Spread
Diagramming a Disaster
* Role Dimensions
* Assessment of Social Disruption
		Practical
		Emotional
* Distinguishing Features of Community Tragedy

Elements of Crisis Intervention
* Safety and Security

* Ventilation and Validation

* Prediction and Preparation
Group Crisis Intervention(GCI) Techniques
* Purpose:
		Address large numbers 
		Provide peer validation
		Provide written validation through scribe
		Begin repair of community’s social fabric
		Educate community members
		Affirm hope for the future 
Group Crisis Intervention
* Logistics
		Who and How Many?
		Where?
		When?
		How Long?
		Setup
		
Group Crisis Intervention
Roles
* Lead Facilitator

* Support Facilitator – “Scribe”

* Other GCI Supporters
NOVA Basic GCI Process
* Introduction
* Ground Rules
* Questions
		Sensorial, Memories, Prediction and 	Preparation, Follow-up
* Education/Summary

Special Issues
Death
* Emotions:  
		Fear, Anger, Guilt, Shame
* Loss
* Grief
* Death Notification
Special Issues
Long Term Stress
* Post-Trauma Character Changes

* Trigger Events

* Secondary Injuries
Special Issues
Spirituality
* Trauma Impacts Faith
* Power of Prayer in Crisis
* Power of Ritual in Crisis
* Ethical Guidelines for Helpers
		Survivors are Vulnerable
		Respect Ritual and Practices
Special Issues
Culture
* Matrix of Influences
* Cultural Action Plan
	Education
			Geography, History, Rituals and 			Routines
	Entrance into a Different Culture
	Respect and Good Will 
Special Issues
Children
* Developmental Stages
* Spasmodic Crisis Reactions
* Death Issues
* Lack of Denial
* Grief
* Impact of Parent Loss
		
Special Issues
Elders
* Challenges of Aging

* Season of Losses

* Trauma Shatters Beliefs 

Organizing Crisis Response Teams
* Goals
	Assist local caregivers in planning
	Support local caregivers
	Train local caregivers
	Provide crisis intervention
		



























































Organizing Crisis Response Teams
* Levels of Service
* Team Member Roles:
		HQ Staff, Team Leader, Team Manager, 	Media Liaison, Others (“Worker Bees”)
* Local Host	
* Flow of Activities